The resources in this module are designed to help you understand:

• What a good transition between Child and Adolescent Eating Disorder Services (CAEDS) and Adult Eating Disorder Services (AEDS) should look like
• What preparation needs to occur for good transitions
• How services can develop better ways of co-working
• The practicalities of transition planning

This module takes inspiration from the Royal College of Psychiatry (RCPsych) "Managing transitions when the patient has an eating disorder" guidance document, which assumes a traditional CAEDS/AEDS divide. The RCPsych guidance is comprehensive and aspirational, and we intend for this learning resource to 

Click the links below to access each of the different learning resources:

• The importance of planning for transitions and tailoring your approach
• Early identification and notification of the need to transition and involving parents and carers from the outset
• Flexible timings for transitions
• Ensuring good working relationships between services

This page forms part of our "supporting age-related transitions in eating disorders" resources.

Guidance from the Royal College of Psychology (RCPsych) suggests the need for clinician awareness of Eating Disorders (ED)-specific characteristics which may make transitions between Childhood and Adolescent Eating Disorder Services (CAEDS) and Adult Eating Disorder Services (AEDS) more difficult.

Think for a moment about the patients that you see...which of their characteristics may make it hard for them to accept a service transition?

Some of these characteristics could include:

• Shame and avoidance
• Anxiety and intolerance of uncertainty
• Comorbidities (e.g. depression)
• Low levels of cognitive flexibility (e.g. comorbid Autistic Spectrum Disorder diagnosis)
• Ambivalence about treatment
• Impulsivity

In planning for a service transition with your patients, try to hold these characteristics and their different needs in mind.

Click the tiles below to explore some options for tailoring your approach to transitions to your patient:

This page forms part of our "supporting age-related transitions in eating disorders" resources.

Guidance from the Royal College of Psychology (RCPsych) states that discussions about transitions between Childhood and Adolescent Eating Disorder Services (CAEDS) and Adult Eating Disorder Services (AEDS) should start at least 6 months before the planned transition.

Transition meetings should be set up at the earliest opportunity involving the young person and their family/carers. Good quality information should be provided to patients and their carers. Addressing expectations around autonomy and confidentiality is particularly important.

This page forms part of our "supporting age-related transitions in eating disorders" resources.

Guidance from the Royal College of Psychology (RCPsych) emphasises that good working relationships between Childhood and Adolescent Eating Disorder Services (CAEDS) and Adult Eating Disorder Services (AEDS) need to be nurtured.

They also say that joint working and training fosters a spirit of mutual respect and reciprocal learning between services. This can also prevent splits developing; these can occur, e.g. when clinicians from one team imply that the other provides an inferior service.

This point is important. There is some research evidence suggesting that CAEDS and AEDS clinicians do sometimes hold biased beliefs about each other (Lockertsen et al., 2020). So, let’s look at this in some more detail.

CAEDS and AEDS practitioners are different 'tribes' and may hold unhelpful beliefs about each other

Do any of the thoughts shown below ever go through your mind when you are dealing with colleagues from your partner team? If so what does that say about your team relationships? How might this affect transitions of patients?

• "...they only deal with nice, easy, straightforward cases"
• "...you'd better get well soon, because otherwise you will be sent over to THEM!"
• "...if we had the amount of resources they had, we'd do brilliantly"
• "...they deal only with complex, chronic (hopeless) cases"
• "...they exclude families, are focused on impairment or deficits and are remedial/palliative in approach"
• "...they leave us to pick up their dirty work"

Ideas for strengthening co-working with CAEDS or AEDS colleagues

• Regular joint learning events or training sessions between teams
• Shared posts
• Regular meetings between transition champions in both teams
• Shared projects and initiatives
  • Joint public-facing initiatives such as conferences, open days, websites, joint GP liaison, joint training of others e.g. on Medical Emergencies in Eating Disorders (MEED)
  • Joint quality improvement/research, e.g. finding out how big the referral gap is between CAEDS and AEDS in your locality
  • Joint treatment provision, e.g. multi-family groups

There are many other ways in which teams can find creative ways to co-work. Let your imagination run riot!

Building good relationships between other services

RCPsych guidance states that where there has been significant involvement of paediatric or medical services or social care, these services should be involved in transition planning. It is helpful when general practitioners (GPs) can be involved in planning and facilitating the transition; when they cannot be directly involved, minutes of meetings should be copied to them.

The practicalities of good transitions

There are a number of practical steps which can support good transitions at a service level:

The transition care plan

An agreed and well-structured, patient-centred care plan, focused on the individual rather than on organisational considerations, can be the most important single element in the whole transition experience.

The patient must be consulted and involved in discussions about the care plan, taking into account their:

• stage of recovery
• level of maturity
• personality

Dunn found that young people and parents agreed that transition preparation should be asset-focused rather than deficit-focused, i.e. focused designing a plan that plays on the strengths of the young person rather than trying to "fix" perceived weaknesses. Building self-confidence was seen as key, along with resilience, help-seeking, coping strategies, self-esteem, organisation and social skills.

The transition care plan is covered in more depth in Module 3.

Multidisciplinary discharge planning meeting & joint working

Formal handover of care should be structured by at least one specific multidisciplinary discharge planning meeting. More than one meeting may be required, if the transition process lasts over several months.

There should be an overlap period of joint working by both services during the transition, in order to:

• explore and explain the differences in the ways of working between the two services
• help the patient to get to know key members of staff from the new service
• put in place arrangements for the necessary therapeutic interventions

Attachment issues

Respect for the importance of attachments and therapeutic alliances is crucial in the work towards recovery from an eating disorder. A sensitive and developmentally informed approach to a transition may transform it from a traumatic and disjointed experience into an opportunity for building resilience and healthy maturation.